Find your new or used boat

Start by requesting all available documents: navigation certificates, previous sales invoices, repair or maintenance reports. A clear history is crucial. For example, a boat that has mainly sailed in saltwater might have more corrosion than one used in freshwater. Check with maritime authorities or yacht clubs for any record of accidents or damages.

A visual inspection is not just a quick glance. Use a flashlight to explore dark corners, look for signs of poorly executed repairs or patches on the hull, inspect seals around portholes and hatches. Watch for rust stains on bolts or a musty smell that could indicate excessive moisture.

The sea trial is your moment of truth. Test the boat in calm weather but also in rougher conditions if possible. Pay attention to the steering responsiveness, abnormal vibrations, unusual engine noises, and sailing performance if it's a sailboat. Test every system: pumps, winches, navigation lights, etc.

Electronic systems are the eyes and ears of the modern sailor. Check connectivity, update maps if it's a GPS system, and ensure all screens and interfaces respond correctly. Examine the wiring for any wear or corrosion. Also, remember to test the batteries, which are often overlooked but vital for safety.

Hire a mechanic specialized in marine engines. They can dismantle filters, check timing, inspect cylinder conditions, and evaluate internal component wear. Compression and oil analysis tests can reveal hidden issues. Don't forget to check the condition of the transmission and propellers.

Documentation is your assurance that you are buying exactly what you see. Check that the boat is not under mortgage, that all taxes are paid, and that you have all the necessary certificates to sail legally. Ensure that the serial numbers on the engine and the boat match the documents.

A marine surveyor is often the best investment for a major purchase. They provide a detailed report on the boat's structural, mechanical, and electrical condition. This report can also help negotiate the price if repairs are needed.

Even well-maintained boats can hide costs. For example, hull painting can be expensive, and fiberglass repairs are not cheap. Set aside a budget for these expenses after purchase.

Consider everything: annual mooring fees, hull maintenance, engine servicing, safety equipment, insurance, and even training if you are not already an experienced sailor. These costs can easily double the initial price of the boat.

With all this information, you are in a strong position to negotiate. Do not rush; the used boat market often favors the buyer. If something feels off or the seller is not flexible, there are always other boats to explore.